Energy and exergy analysis of a basic oxygen furnace. Other articles where basic oxygen furnace is discussed. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a vessel used to convert pig iron, of about 94. The basic oxygen furnace has a capacity up to 400 t and production cycle tap totap of about 40 min. Dmitri kopeliovich basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag the basic oxygen process basic oxygen furnace, basic oxygen steelmaking, basic oxygen converter is the most powerful and effective steel making method.
Ir is commonly used to monitor the outer temperature of these cars to detect hotspots. As the basic oxygen furnace shell is exposed to severe hightemperature conditions during use, its material experiences gradual degradation leading to thermal deformation and cracking that. Dmitri kopeliovich basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. The resulting silica, iron oxide and maganese oxide react with fluxes charged into the vessel and the refractory lining of the furnace forming. Basic oxygen furnace process using pyroptix st camera from enertechnix for more information. Chemistry of steelmaking by basic oxygen furnace ispatguru. Application of time series analysis for the prediction of liquid metal. The bof is a large pearshaped unit the basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined. In basic oxygen steelmaking bof, lance profile during the blow is very. In brief, eafs can be either ac or dc powered and they melt steel by applying current to a steel scrap charge. More than half the worlds steel is produced in the basic oxygen process bop, which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blastfurnace iron and scrap into steel. Primary steelmaking known as linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking 28. Argon oxygen decarburization furnace steel slag aod duration. Lancing is the precise injection of oxygen to the point where it is most needed.
Basic oxygen furnace combustion optimization zoloscan is the first laserbased, offgas analysis system for the basic oxygen furnace bof steelmaker to simultaneously measure temperature, o 2, co, co 2 and h 2o in realtime. How does infrared thermography work iris associates. Thomas4 optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify. Overfilling, however, is extremely hazardous and can cause serious accidents that can fatally injure plant personnel. Since steel is difficult to manufacture due to its high melting point, normal fuels and furnaces were insufficient and the open hearth furnace was developed to overcome this difficulty. In the eaf process, molten steel is produced by melting the scrap by an arc generated from an electrode. Determining endof oxygen blow is one of the most important variables in the process. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and. Mao et al investigation of gaseous desiliconization in basic oxygen furnace bof metalurgija 56 2017 12, 3739 moted through lowering the oxygen lances position, which will lead to lower mno % and a high hotspot temperature.
In this process the hot metal is treated by blowing oxygen to remove carbon and other elements that have a high affinity to oxygen. The steel manufacturing process using a blast furnace is the mainstream. Along with the liquid iron that was produced in the blast furnace, recycled scrap steel is also added to the oxygen furnace. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at. Even if staff are unharmed, overfilling accidents can still damage equipment, leading to costly. An introduction to the bof process bof basic oxygen furnaces or basic oxygen steelmaking contributes to the vast majority of world steel production. It is especially useful for calculating the amount of oxygen andor coolant that must be added to the basic oxygen furnace during a reblow in order to obtain a predetermined carbon and temperature level in the bath prior to. How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking. Blast furnace basic oxygen furnace uses iron ore as its base raw material that accounts over just 50% of bof steel costs, and electric arc furnace uses scrap as its base that represents around 75% of eaf steel cost. Effects of ph on phosphorus removal capacities of basic. This is a ladle transfer car, used to move hot metal from a blast furnace to a basic oxygen furnace.
Primary deoxidation of basic oxygen furnace steel by. Sulphur removal in ironmaking and oxygen steelmaking. In a steel plant, refractories enable containment of liquid metal products, ensuring availability of furnaces for production and safe conduct of metallurgical operations. The process uses as its major raw material, blast furnace iron, which will contain, to a varying degree, the elements carbon, silicon. The oxygen steelmaking process is one of the most common and efficient steel production methods. N scale steel mill basic oxygen furnace bof uss edgar thomson works, duration. Easy unsubscribe links are provided in every email. A basic oxygen furnace is a reactor in which oxygen is blown through molten pig iron that is heated to approximately 1,600.
Basic oxygen steelmaking also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary. The hot spot phenomenon in basic oxygen furnace bof process. Open hearth furnaces are one of a number of kinds of furnace where excess carbon and other impurities are burnt out of pig iron to produce steel. Hot metal is further processed in a basic oxygen furnace where pure oxygen is charged into the furnace to oxidize the impurities in the metal. The basic oxygen process basic oxygen furnace, basic oxygen steelmaking. A sulphur balance is made for the steelmaking process of tata steel ijmuiden, the netherlands. Pure oxygen is then blasted into the furnace at supersonic speeds via an oxygen lance that is lowered from the top.
Refractory lining of a basic oxygen furnace ispatguru. Basic oxygen furnace an overview sciencedirect topics. In 1856, henry bessemer patented a steelmaking process involving oxygen blowing for decarburizing molten iron. Cost effectiveness analysis of hyl and drex dri te chnologies for the iron and steelking industry pa ge 7 steel making process and co 2222 emissionsemissionsemissions steel is primarily made by one of two processes. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a primary steelmaking process for converting the molten pig iron into steel by blowing oxygen through a lance over the molten pig iron. Bulk oxygen displacement on a basis of per mole of deoxidant added, carbon would remove more oxygen than what aluminium could do, due to the lower molecular mass fraction of oxygen in the reaction product carbon monoxide co, compared to that in alumina al2o3. Eafs range in capacity from a few tons to as many as 400 tons, and a steelmaking shop can have from one to five furnaces. Basic oxygen steelmaking, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. As oxygen is injected into a basic oxygen furnace, carbon, silicon,manganese and iron are oxidized a more complete description of b. Blast furnace steelmaking uses iron ore, coke, and limestone in a blast furnace heated from the bottom with oxygen and air. It is comprised of the impurities removed from steel during smelting and from the flux material.
Us3701518a oxygen lance control arrangement for basic. Dc arc furnace by sir william siemens the idea behind the direct current dc arc furnace has been around for a very long time. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Electric arc furnace eaf or basic oxygen furnace bof. The flux used is a blend of limestone, dolomite and silica and as a result the bos has a very basic mineralogy.
After cooling from its molten state, steel slag is processed to remove all free metallics and sized into products. This being a low end use, a study was conducted to examine the possibility of converting the slag into a hydraulic binder. An analysis of hot spot phenomenon in bof process request pdf. Basic oxygen furnace bof slag is a major waste product generated during the steelmaking process. The reaction in the blast furnace creates a molten metal known as hot metal. Basic oxygen process bop, a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blastfurnace iron and scrap. This measurement may be made while the level of molten material is quiescent, i. Massbalance based multivariate modelling of basic oxygen. Its use for the bulk melting of metals dates back at least to 1878, when sir william siemens used a dc arc furnace with a vertical graphite cathode, with the arc transferred to the melt in contact with a. Background of the invention this invention relates to a calculator device for use in the refining of steel by the basic oxygen process. A ranging radar system is employed in combination with the oxygen blowing lance of a basic oxygen furnace to make an absolute measurement of the distance between the lance and the level of molten material within the furnace vessel. Oxygen is blown into the furnace vessel through a watercooled oxygen lance oxidizing carbon and the other unwanted elements in the molten iron.
Blast furnace hot metal for ld basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process ideally contains about c4. Basic oxygen steel slag bos bos is a coproduct of steel manufacture. Analysis of splashing in basic oxygen furnace through systematic. Analysis of splashing in basic oxygen furnace through systematic modelling. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or. Compared to bessemer steel, which it displaced, its. Basic oxygen furnace slag bos also called ldconverter slagis formed during the conversion of hot metal from the blast furnace into steel in a basic oxygen furnace.
This is partly to ensure greater efficiency by preventing underfilling. Steel is then molded into sheets, blocks and other forms through continuous casting and hot rolling. Economic impact analysis of final integrated iron and. Typically close to the furnace in an underport or throughport location or even through a target wall. Electric arc furnace steel slag eafslag and basic oxygen furnace steel slag bofslag were used as filter substrates in two horizontal subsurface flow filters 6 m3 each designed to remove phosphorus p from the effluent of a constructed wetland. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Massbalance based multivariate modelling of basic oxygen furnace used in steel industry. The purpose of a refractory lining in a basic oxygen furnace bof is to provide maximum furnace availability during operation of the converter in. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. Conclusions the paper researched the phenomenon of gaseous desiliconization in bof slagging by limestone. Basic oxygen furnace bof the basic oxygen furnace process uses 25 to 35 percent old steel to make new steel. Oxidation is carried out with high purity oxygen gas which is blown in the bof. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a vessel used to convert pig iron, of about 94 percent iron and 6 percent combined impurities such as carbon, manganese, and silicon, into steel with as little as 1 percent combined impurities.
There are four stages where sulphur can be removed. Changes in price and quantity in these markets are used to estimate the facility, market, industry, and social impacts of the integrated iron and steel regulation. The basic oxygen steelmaking process differs from the eaf is that bof is selfsufficient in energy. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and cleanliness control at baosteel l. Oxygen lancing oxygen lancing is used in similar situations to enrichment however is typically associated with more severe or complex conditions. To change the slag composition and thereby its properties. The pig iron is conveyed to the reduction oven or as we can also name it the basic oxygen furnace where pure oxygen is injected to reduce pig iron in steel. Utilization of basic oxygen furnace bof slag in the. In india and in most industrial countries, the use of bof slag as a road ballast and land filler has had a very long history. Scrap, slag and iron ore additions are made to the furnace for a variety of reasons to adjust the liquid metal temperature to adjust the liquid metal composition.
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